Aristotle Virtue Theory Essay Example for Free

Aristotle Virtue Theory EssayAristotles Virtue theory is based on Teleology and the lucky Mean. He says that to be unadulterated that we hire to act with excellence. He believed that everything on this earth has its own virtue, meaning that if it performs the substance its supposed to by its nature thus it is virtuous. He asserted that every event had four causes or four factors that work on it and to bring it into universe 1) Material Cause- the stuff the thing is make of. 2) Efficient Cause- the force that has brought it into being. 3) Formal cause- the shape or idea (the Form) of the thing. 4) Final cause- the mathematical function of the thing.Virtue is not just for charitables it manner that everything that exists has a place. The Golden Mean-is an action or feeling that corresponds to a particular situation at the right time, in the right way, in the right amount, and for the right reason. Not besides much, not too little, everything in moderation. It is what is Good for man where a human can excel, what a human is meant to do and where a human leave alone keep happiness. He determined that if we atomic number 18 able to choose the proper response to every situation in life wherefore we be mor totallyy impregnable.It is all about the reasonably thoughtout decisions we make and the action we administer after we have made them. The virtuous person finds and choses the one that is intermediate. These are human concerns that are constant and remain the same concerns throughout the ages. Since we are human beings and capable of rational decision making we can be prone to go toward one extreme or the other, we must beware of our own short comings. It is only through habitually practicing to try to make the right decisions that we can plan to begin virtuous. It is not our response to a single situation but how we respond as a general rule. We need to be consistent in our actions.Aristotle realized that this is something that doesnt come overnight but that it takes time to mold ourselves. How we find out what the mean is in every situation is through reason, the more times we have done it and acted correctly the better we can build the habit of responding appropriately. He specifies that there are some acts that are just disparage by themselves, i. e. stealing, lying and murdering, and cannot be done in the right amount. There are also acts that cannot be done too often such as justice. You can never be too just. It takes a lifetime of training and commitment we are not inherently born this way.It is not ample that you just act on your intentions but you need to succeed in order to be virtuous. Once you have succeeded in living a virtuous life so as a virtuous person your future actions will be generally virtuous because you developed virtuous habits. There are three dispositions to every situation two vices, one on either side of virtue which in the middle. Aristotle advises us to keep trying until we get it r ight. several(prenominal) extremes are closer to the middle than others. If you dont k straightaway which one to choose, stay away from the extreme that is more opposed to the mean than the other extreme.We each(prenominal) have our own ideals and failings but our responses to a situation need to remain flexible and a virtuous response will reveal itself. The appropriate way to handle the situation will fall within a range that is recognized by other virtuous people. He believed that there could be a perfectly virtuous person. He also believed that if you are virtuous in one respect but fail terribly in another then you have lost out completely. If you deviate only slightly you are still a virtuous person, a person who is good at being human and at realizing the human potential.His thoughts on courage were that if you had too little courage you were a coward and that if you had too much courage you could be fool hardy, go in and make rash decisions. He felt that there was nothing wrong with enjoying pleasure, but if you overdid it you are intemperate. If you are not capable of enjoying pleasure at all then you are unimpressionable. The virtue is to know in what amount to enjoy your pleasure, which would be temperance. The key is to enjoy in moderation.His opinion on using up money was that if you spend too much you are prodigal and spend too littleyoure a miser, just the right amount at the right time on the right people for the right reason makes you liberal. It is also possible to overestimate your honor, and become vain or underestimate it and become humble. He described proper pride as the virtuous way to estimate yourself and your accomplishments.There is nothing wrong with feeling angry but you need to be even tempered. Being hot tempered is 1 / 2 a vice but so is also being meek. Let your ire be in proportion to the offense against you. Truthfulness is a virtue but his idea of a deficiency of truthfulness is irony mock stockpile(downplaying the si tuation), the excess of truthfulness, bragging. It is all about assessing the situation and acting accordingly, dont underplay the truth but dont overplay the truth either.The mend reason for designing the development of virtuous character was that Aristotle felt that being virtuous makes you happy. Happiness is what is good for a man. A good life means a happy life, but a good person also means a moral person. We can be happy only if we are good. Our highest goal, our purpose as a human being, is to live well, be happy, and to do well. He also warned that ifwe rely too much on pleasures that one sidereal day they wont give us the thrill they used to. What is good for us cant be something that harms us and over indulgence in too many pleasures can be harmful.The requirement of true happiness is that it must be stand the test of time. Something that no one can take away from us and that is not harmful but beneficial that would be our good reasoning and contemplation. The ultimate h appy life is that of the life of a thinker. He did not believe in an afterlife or a god that watches over humanity.He states that the soul is theform of a human and the body is the division, but since form cannot exist separately from matter when the body dies the soul ceases to exist. Happiness is only for the living and must be achieved in the here and now for a person to have fulfilled their purpose. One of the weaknesses of Virtue Ethics is that Aristotle was talking about the ruling class. If there is to be equality for all then there needs to be a moral theory that everyone follows regardless of whom they are. The laws need to be reasonable and clear.Virtues were also too vague and werent instrumental in solving problems. When you have two virtuouspeople that disagree how can you tell which one is correct. How is it decided which one is more virtuous than the other? With a clear set of morals and laws the problem is much easier resolved. Also why cant humans have more than o ne purpose? There are many people that are equally good at several different things. Look at the musician that is equally good at playing the guitar and singing. Which purpose are they supposed to choose? Aristotles Virtue theory is basically based on the fact that everything has a purpose and as humans our happiness is determined by the choices that we make.We should always strive to achieve our purpose whatever that may be and during that struggle hopefully we will achieve happiness. His theory may have some weaknesses but some of the ideas are supportable in my opinion. You need to use your logic to make communicate decisions. Practice making the right choices, this practice will eventually turn into a habit. Make decisions that dont cause harm to yourself or others. last everything in moderation is a good rule to live by. This I believe will go a long way in dowery human beings to achieve happiness. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

Gilmans “The Yellow Wallpaper” and Steinbecks “The Chrysanthemums Essay Example for Free

Gilmans The chicken Wallpaper and Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums EssayThe Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman atomic number 18 short stories which earn a female helper struggling through a suffocating marriage and living in a society that says that women can not hold up outside of marriage. The Chrysanthemums written by John Steinbeck is a invention close a woman worn and oppressed by a male rule earth. A world which wear offs a womans will, strips away their humanity, and obscures who they really are and what they really want out of life. Eliza, a married woman forgotten by her save and the world, has found a bit of happiness in her garden. It is here that she vexs solace and comfort. The flowers are her fellow travelers.Similarly, in The Yellow Wallpaper, written in the century before The Chrysanthemums, is besides about the oppression of women in society by men. On the surface it was the story of a woman who has a child and suffered from depression. Her husband, who is also her doctor, prescribed the The Mitchell treatment. This was a standard treatment for all mental disorders during this date which consisted of isolation and rest. The woman, the main character, was placed in an attic for a month of reco very(prenominal). Her only companion was the peeling yellow paper. In the end, both women find, brief as it may be, freedom. Though written decades apart, both Steinbeck and Gilman use symbols and character development to develop a base of operations of female oppression and survival.The major(ip) symbol in Steinbecks short story is the Chrysanthemum flower. Chrysanthemums are hearty flowers which need specific railroad care, patience, and tending. deal children, they must be cared for daily, treated with delicate and gentle hands. Within her garden paradise she hides herself, as a woman. Steinbeck describes her as a woman that wears a mans dour hat pulled low depressed over her eye s, clodhopper shoes, a figured print dress almost completely covered by a boastful corduroy apron (1). Eliza, who is childless, takes pride and comfort in her ability to grow these amazing flowers. They represent for her the children she was never able to have. She is extremely protective of these flowers caring and alimentation them handle mother nursing her baby.She creates a crib of wire to ensure that no aphids, no sowbugs or snails or cu devilrms are there. Her terrier fingers destroy such pests before they can get started (1). Like pointy corners of tables and light sockets, Eliza protects her children from the hazards of life. She cares for this flowers like she wishes some nonpareil had cared for her gentle fingertips caressing her own blooms. These flowers inspire the only intimate here and nows that occurred between Eliza and her husband in the entire short story. He husband stops by her garden and tells her how lovely her flowers are. She blushes and Steinbeck observe s on her face there is a little smugness(1). Eliza gives birth to these amazing creatures which bring so oftentimes beauty to the world, and supplies Eliza with her only taste of motherhood (Demott 3).Similarly, Gilman uses the symbol of yellow wallpaper. The Yellow Wall-Paper is a small literary masterpiece. For almost fifty years it has been overlooked, as has its author, one of the most commanding feminists of her time. Now, with the new growth of the feminist movement, Charlotte Perkins Gilman is being rediscovered, and The Yellow Wall-Paper should share in that rediscovery. The story of a womans mental breakdown (Gilman 37). A major symbol in The Yellow Wallpaper is the wallpaper itself. The Yellow wallpaper was a familiar character in realist fiction and was often found to be distasteful. (Roth). The vote counter is annoyed and eventually repulsed by her only companion, the yellow praxised wallpaper.The evolution of what the wallpaper symbolized parallels the mental state of the cashier. When the narrator first brandtled down to her months worth of rest in the attic of her house, it is the wall paper she hated most. It was old, tattered, and a dirty yellow color. She commented that the worse part of the wallpaper was the dull image.She pondered about the wallpaper It is dull enough to confuse the eye in following, pronounced enough to constantly irritate and provoke study, and when you follow the lame un certain curves for a little distance they suddenly commit suicideplunge off at outrageous angles, destroy themselves in unheard of contradictions. The color is repellent, almost revolting a experience unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight (Gilman 24).The pattern became the focus of much of the narrators time. She attempted on many occasions to figure out what the pattern was with no success. She is mad, of course, by this time, reduced to a paranoid schizophrenic who writes, Ive got out at last in spite of you and Jane. A nd Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you affectation put me back (36).(Bak). After several days of trying she began to see a sub pattern which can only be seen at certain parts of the day depending on the amount of light being filtered through the windows. She decided that the sub pattern is that of a woman who is creeping along the plunge on her knees, not even being able to stand. She states There is a recurrent spot where the pattern lolls like a befuddled neck and two bulbous eyes stare at you upside down (Gilman 25).This woman was imprisoned by the main pattern and wished only to escape her cage. The main pattern became clear to the narrator. She believed the main pattern were heads of those women who attempted to escape but were caught between the bars. It was clear that as the month passed the mental state of the narrator became increasingly unstable. The wallpaper and its pattern also represented the societal chains (treatment, family, and marriage) which have imprison ed her for so long. The yellow wallpaper has become synonymous with the domesticated bars which pin down women in their inferior roles as wives and mother in the 1800s.Through the use of both symbols, Steinbeck and Gilman track the internal conflict of their respective protagonists. In Steinbecks short story, it is the Chrysanthemum which are indirectly responsible for Eliza awakening. The chrysanthemums create a situation in which Eliza meets a man which stimulates and re-ignites her female sensuality, that has been long forgotten. Steinbeck describes Eliza stripped of her female side and like her home, that she was hard-swept and hard-polished (1). enthalpy fails to notice and takes for granted the feminine qualities which Eliza brings to the relationship. His love for her did not exist anymore.The couple lives like strangers. Eliza, submissive and loyal, does not addresses her discontent with her husband and their relationship remains empty. He remarks, to her about her chrysan themums, I wish youd work out in the orchard and raise some apples that big (1). She is resentful and unhappy which causes her to hide in her garden. peerless afternoon while she is attending to her flowers she meets a traveling salesman who stops and admires her flowers. Steinbeck describes the stranger in the following wayElisa saw that he was a very big man. Although his hair and beard were graying, he did not look old. His worn black suit was wrinkled and spotted with grease. The laughter had disappeared from his face and eyes the moment his laughing voice ceased. His eyes were dark, and they were full of the brooding that gets in the eyes of teamsters and of sailors. The calloused hands he rested on the wire fence were cracked, and every crack was a black line. He took off his battered hat. (1)When he flirts with her indirectly, she melts. She is thirsty for the attention a man gives to a woman. The stranger visually caresses the flowers, commenting that the flowers were like delicate quick puffs of colored smoke,(243) and she can feels his fingers like they were on her skin. Chrysanthemums represent Eliza long last sensuality and her need to be fulfilled physically and emotionally. Eliza quick responds and tears off the battered hat and shakes out her dark pretty hair(1). The cold Elisa suddenly becomes the image of perfect femininity soft and flowing, contrasting against the gruelling male.She is attracted to him and offers him the only gift she can, a singe red chrysanthemum a symbol of her sacred femininity. Through this stimulation, Eliza is inspired to again get in touch with her tree trunk and soul (Wilson 34). After a dinner eaten in silence with a man who does not love her, Eliza is forced to endure the car trip home. Weeping, and consummate(a) out the window she sees her bloody red chrysanthemums tossed on the side of the road, and she feels her soul die once again.Gilman utilizes her symbol of the yellow wallpaper in the same way, her pro tagonist is first imprisoned and then awakened by the wallpaper. Gilman actively asserts through her use of symbolism and the mental deterioration of the narration that women, at the turn of the century, woe from mental illness were mistreated. Her husband, who is also her doctor, prescribed the The Mitchell Treatment (Hume).This was a standard treatment for all mental disorders during this time which consisted of isolation and rest. The woman, the main character, was placed in an attic for a month of recovery. Her only companion was the peeling yellow wallpaper. Slowly the unnamed narrator slipped into deep depressive psychosis. It is not until she shirked off the treatment and the undetectable societal chains that she becomes well again.The theme of oppression is overwhelmingly present in both short stories. Elizas gift of the chrysanthemum represents the physical interaction between a man and a woman. After the stranger leaves, with quicken breath, she almost floats into her ho use and draws herself a hot bath. She finds her little block of pumice and literally scrubs her ashes legs and thighs, loins and chest and arms, until her skin was scratched and red(1). She urgently washes, symbolically bringing blood back into her lifeless body and soul. She dresses slowly finding her best lingerie and dress. She applies paper and prepares to go out on a date with her husband.She patiently awaits for her husband to come in from the fields. She hopes her husband will feel romantically toward her again. She hopes that he lead her with the same sensual stimulation that those few brief moments with the stranger. Unfortunately, her hopes are not fulfilled. When Henry finally sees his wife, he casually comments You look strong enough to break a calf over your knee, happy enough to eat it like a watermelon (1). Eliza laments her husbands lack of charm, as if he is intentionally trying to wring her soul. She slowly loses the woman that she had found hours before. Afte r a dinner eaten in silence with a man who does not love her, Eliza is forced to endure the car trip home. Weeping, and staring out the window she sees her bloody red chrysanthemums tossed on the side of the road, and she feels her soul die once again.Gilmans narrator is also mistreated by her husband and society in general. John, her husband, a wise man of medicine, inflicts a loutish and gender-biased cure on herand this tale, as Gilman claims, exposes such boorish barbarism. However, Gilmans mad narrator unveils not only the ills of the rest cure treatment and a repressive domestic culture filled with Johns and Jennies, but also her hatred for a domestic (and maternal) role she has no desire to assume. The Yellow Wall-Paper not only rejects, as Gilman intended, the gender-biased rest cure of the nineteenth-century, but also indicts, less successfully, gender-biased definitions of mental illness.Married women during this time were freed from the necessity of contributing to societ y outside the home, presumably because marriage befit her for motherhood and motherhood required all of her energies.(ODonnell). Despite her triumphant unmasking of medical examination (predominantly male) gender bias in this tale, Gilmans narrator falls apart so completely in the end that she tends, unfortunately, to reinforce the common nineteenth-century gender stereotype of the emotionally and physically frail nineteenth-century woman.Steinbeck through the use of chrysanthemums asserts that women are oppressed and imprisoned by world that was built for men. Through intricate detail, wit, and symbolism Steinbeck breathes life into the story of a woman completely controlled by her husband, and suffocated by world. She experiences momentary awakening during a brief interaction with a stranger. Steinbeck uses chrysanthemums evoke the feeling of rebirth, renewal, autonomy, and femininity. Eliza completely broken down and she crumbles crying weakly-like an old woman(X).Her husband ta kes her granted and does not notice that she is woman with needs and desires. Not only does her husband ignore her but so does the world. The stranger which seemed to admire all of Elizas qualities represents the world. Just as that man tossed away Elizas beautiful flowers because they were unnecessary. Steinbecks point is that is exactly the male dominated world views and treats women. Society is tyrannous to women, allowing them not to bloom, keeping women submissive and docile. Eliza is not valued by the world because she is female. She meant only to exist for her husband and family. Eliza tries to be a woman in world where her womanly charms are ignored by her husband and the world in general.To survive she forgets about who she truly is and finds happiness in her garden. When she is briefly re-awakening, she attempts again to find her true self. However, her husband and the world will not let her and she must once again, for the last time, suppress who she is and what she want s. Through the use of similar literary devices the theme of female oppression and liberation is explored differently in The Chrysanthemums and The Yellow Wallpaper. The oppression of women in a male dominated world has plagued society for centuries. The stories of women are often left untold and considered unimportant. To fully explore this theme both authors use symbolism and careful character development.The main symbol found in The Yellow Wallpaper is that of the decaying yellow wallpaper that is in the attic where the narrator is sent for isolation. Its decay parallels the decay of the narrator. In addition, Gilman details this decline and explores the inner workings of the narrator through the character development leading up to the narrators decision that she did want to live.Similarly, Steinbeck uses the symbol of the Chrysanthemum to represent Elizas life, isolation, liberation, and emotional death. There is only a small set of literary tools available to authors, of any gen re, through which themes like oppression can be examined. It is through the unique manipulation of these tools, and the intense expertise of great American authors that such a varied approach to survival can be interrupted, demonstrated, and shared.Works CitedBak, John S. Escaping the Jaundiced Eye Foucauldian Panopticism in Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper.. Studies in bunco Fiction 31.1 (1994) 39+.DeMott, Robert. Steinbecks Typewriter Essays on His Art. Revised ed. Troy, NY Whitston Publishing, 1997.Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wall-Paper. Revised ed. New York Feminist Press, 1996.Hume, Beverly A. Managing Madness in Gilmans The Yellow Wall-Paper. Studies in American Fiction 30.1 (2002) 3+.ODonnell, Margaret G. A Reply to Charlotte Perkins Gilman Reassessing Her Significance for Feminism and Social Economics. Review of Social Economy 54.3 (1996) 337+.Roth, Marty. Gilmans Arabesque Wallpaper. Mosaic (Winnipeg) 34.4 (2001) 145+.Steinbeck, John. The Chrysanthe mums. Literature An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs. fourth Compact ed. New York Prentice Hall, 2007.Wilson, Edmund. The Boys in the Back Room Notes on California Novelists. San Francisco Colt Press, 1941. Questia.

Varieties of Market Segmentation

Varieties of Market SegmentationMARKET SEGMENTATIONMarket class is the process of categorizing the market into several groups on the nates of various factors such as demographic, geographic, psychological, and behavioral factors. This is to ensure that the marketers keep understand their target audience better so as to become the marketing to a bullyer extent effective and get much satisfied customers. Thus, the marketers can gain a great advantage over the competitors. There ar several(predicate) ways by which market segments can be categorized. It can be do by categorizing the preferences of the consumer. ground on this, market can be categorized as like preferences, diff handlingd preferences and clustered preferences. In homogeneous preferences the customers roughly confound the same preferences whereas it varies in case of diffused preferences. When a group of consumers have shared preferences it leads to the governance of natural market segment which refers to clus tered preference.While marketing a produce deuce-ace areas of marketing must be taken into experimental condition, i.e, mass marketing, product secernate marketing and target marketing. Mass marketing takes into account mass producing, mass distributes and mass promotes on product to all buyers. It is important to realize the great variety in individual customers and and so the marketers use this type of segmentation to customize their marketing programmes for each customer. In product differentiated marketing much than one product with different features, style, size, and quality is introduced. In target marketing, on the basis of the market segments the products are developed and customized.Market segments can be differentiated in various ways. Some of them are demographics, geographics, psychographics and behavioural segmentation.Demographic segmentationDemographic factors are age, gender, income, occupation, education, religion, propagation, nationality, family size, fami ly cycle, social class etc. establish on these demographic values, the customers are divided into various segments. This type of segmentation is suitable because the variables are easy to measure and as they provide description of the target customers therefore media buyers and others can target a desired target market.Some of the important variables while segmenting markets areAge and Life cycle segmentationAs the desire and wish of customer change with their age therefore age and life cycle is a good factor in order to determine marketing approach. wholeness of the examples is of a 70 year old person using landlines instead of mobile phones due to lack of technological knowledge. Therefore marketers need to take this into consideration and guard against stereotypes.This can withal be associated with buying pattern and behavioural characterstic. For example, as married people have various frugalal obligation therefore they lean to spend less on luxury items whereas on the cont rary, single people tend to purchase new fashionable items as they dont have such economic obligations.Gender SegmentationAs the needs and wants of men and women are different therefore gender segmentation is being utilize from a long time in terms of clothing, hairstyle, magazines, cosmetics. But the marketers must not define a product as being masculine or feminine as metro sexuality has become a common gender-factor.Income SegmentationThis type of segmentation can be seen in automobiles, financial services, travel, clothing, and cosmetics. normally the high income customers are the target but it should be considered by the companies that just the income cannot be suitable criteria to determine the customer as they might have different preferences and priorities while selecting a product. Even the lower income groups are targeted as the competitive pressure reduces and the consumer loyalty is gained.Generation SegmentationVarious significant events, many a times characterize a pa rticular period. These influential factors can be music, politics, movies etc. Therefore the marketers must make use of the images and icons of a particular generation in order to market their product.Social class SegmentationMost of the companies design their product for a specific social class. It divides the customers on the basis of their preferences towards cars, clothing, waste activities, home furnishing, retailers, reading habits etc.Demographic segmentation thus assumes that people with different backgrounds and other differences are likely to share same values and behaviour.geographic SegmentationIn this method of segmentation, customers can be categorized on the basis of countries, nation, state, region, city, and neighborhood. But a company must consider the fact that the entropy might vary due to population shift.Various sales and purchases are based on the geographical variables as the purchasing behaviour of the customers are influenced on where they live or work.So metimes there are also differences in the location where the product is marketted due to cultural factors, tradition, politics. These differences can be significant in one segment whereas in other segments there might just be minor differences.Globalization plays a major role in linking socio economic and demographic characteristics. This type of segmentation is referred to as geodemographics. It therefore combines the target customers with where they live. Instead of comparing the consumers by their occupation, the consumers are compared on the basis of where they live, hence the companies are more capable of predicting consumer behaviour.Psychographic SegmentationThere are two types of customers, personality profiles and lifestyle profiles. The psychological variables provide the marketer opportunity to get additional information close traditional, geographical, demographic bases like sex, age, income. Psychological profiles are often used as a supplement to geographics and demog raphics. Therefore on the basis of their attitude, values, lifestyles, interests and opinions people are divided in psychographic segmentaton.Behavioural SegmentationThere are various behavioural variables such as occasions, benefits, status, usage positions, loyalty, attitude, buyer readiness (which will be discussed in detail) which determine behavioural segmentation .These variables are considered the best starting points in constructing market segments which are mainly based on the customers attitude towards the use and response to a product.OccasionsCustomers are divided into segments according to the time on which they get the idea to buy a product. The time can be a day , a week, a month or an year. An example for this situation is the variation in market strategy for Christmas and Valentines day.BenefitsAs different variety show of people look for different benefits in the same product, this segmentation divides the customers based on this. People tend to look for the bene fits provided by different brands and accordingly they make their choice. Here casual factors play a major role rather than descriptive factor like demographics.User statusThis type segmentation is done on the basis of the category of users , i.e potential users, non users, ex-users, first time users, regular users etc. The marketing approach varies according to the type of users.Usage rateBased on the usage of the product, the customers are divided into various segments like non users, gravid, medium, light product users. The basic strategy followed by the company is to target one heavy user instead of several light product users because the heavy users account for a high percentage of total buying although they constitute a little percentage of the market. But the other users must not be neglected as even they may provide better future prospects. Usage rate further divides the customer according to time which means that the product to be sold may vary according to time.Buyer rea diness stageIt depends on the factors such as peoples certainness and interest in the product. A person might be aware of the product and he also may not be. The difference lies in whether they are just informed about the product or interested in buying the product or they desire to buy the product or just intend to buy the product. In all the cases, a customer must be lead along so that he finally gets convinced to buy the product. For example, a person belonging to a different place might not be aware of the products particularly sold at one place hence the marketing strategy should be different at that place and the product should be promoted more. homage statusBased on the loyalty of the customers, they can be categorized as hard core loyals, split loyals, shifting loyals and switchers. Hard core loyals tend to stick to a particular brand for a long period of time without even considering other brands. Split loyals have preference towards two to three brands and they keep switc hing in these. Shifting loyals stay with a particular brand for some time and then change it. Switchers do not have any specific choice and they keep changing the brands from time to time.AttitudePeople can have an enthusiastic, indifferent, positive, negative, or hostile approach towards a product. Based on these factors people can be divided into various segments and hence the company can get a good idea of the market and the strtegy to be followed.To improve the targetting strategies and get a clear picture of the market, it is important for the marketers to combine different behavioural variables.A marketer must reach all buyers in all segments by defining its target audience. By taking into account various concepts such as demographic segmentation, geographic segmentation, the psychographic segmentation and the behavioural segmentation, a company must decide which is the nigh appropriate concept while designing the market strategy. For example , demographic and behavioural seg mentation are the most appropriate ones while designing market strategies of a telephone as the ages of the customers is an important factor. Apart from age, attitude is also an important factor. one time the target customers have been defined, the next step is to evaluate the market segments and decide in which segments the marketing strategy should be directed. Market targeting is the second stage of the segmentation process.

The Gothic Elements In Tim Burtons Movies Film Studies Essay

The chivalric Elements In Tim Burtons Movies admit Studies EssayNowadays, film has been popular among people through the ages. in that respect be kind-hearted of films that have been created up until now. For instance, films close to criminal, romance, Sci-Fi, etc. Many film directors compete to make a good film. A film director is also c all(prenominal)ed as an auteur if he or she is a complete film maker. He or she conceives the idea for the figment, writes the script or the screenplay, and then carefully supervises every step in the film making process, from selecting the cast and finding a suitable setting down to editing the final cut. (Boggs and Petrie 308).The style or mentionistic in a film are usually describing the directors personality itself. In this paper, the writer will analyze about Tim Burtons movies beca theatrical role she is interested with this directors work in movie making. Almost all of his movies are containing with dark and repulsive force or it can be called as chivalric. He is also called an auteur because in some(a) of his films, he does everything all by himself. The background signal of Tim Burton makes him into a creative director and creates some fascinating film with the darkness but also putting some dark comedy in his films.Burton was born(p) on August 25, 1958 in Burbank suburban. Tim Burton, as a child, enjoyed to watch disgust and monster movies. His favourite actor was Vincent Price. He was the protagonist in many horror movies such as The House of Wax (1975). Furthermore, Tim loved horror movies based on Edgar Alan Poes poems homogeneous the film Raven. He was seeing his self in those films and on the face of the actor Vincent Price, because of his isolation as a child. Tim Burton himself, states that horror movies especially the ones starring Vincent Price, spoke to him. (WordPress, 2012)He was worked in Disney as an animator. Then, he was recruited by capital of Minnesota Reubens and make a hit movie Pee- wees Big Adventure (1985). After that, he made an different movie Beetlejuice which also became hit at that time.T here(predicate) are many more film that have been directed by Burton such as Batman (1989), Edward Scissorhands (1990), The Nightmare before Christmas (1993), Sleepy mess (1999), The Demon neaten of take place Street Sweeney Todd (2007), and such as Dark Shadows (2012). (Andec)As a director who is identical with gothic, Tim Burton is very professional. He is very serious in direct the process of the film making, and also he is very creative because in most of his films, he wishs to make the properties of the film handmade by himself. Even though there is another professional person who can make it, but Burton wants to do it by himself. He always makes everything with his own imagination and it is like he creates himself. Its noticeable in almost all his movies that the characters have dark and sunken eyes like Edward in Edward Scissorhands, said his wife Helena Bo nham Carter who was also an actress in most of Tims movies.Tim always wanted a sort of, like, silent-movie-star for both of us (she and actor Johnny Depp, they both starred in The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, Sweeney Todd). So we have both got very, very pale skin and then rather dark, sunken eyes. A bit like how Tim looks. You know, his usual sort of aesthetic. He loves pale, dark, sunken eyes and because hes an insomniac. I think thats where it comes from. Theres a lot of autobiography in there. plainly even. Its completely unconscious. He is so not a narcissist. But it always ends up, being, somehow, a version of himself. (WordPress, 2012)From all of Burtons movies, the writer chooses two films between them, Edward Scissorhands (1990) and Sleepy Hollow (1999). These two movies are contained of many gothic elements. The story of Edward Scissorhands was made by Burton himself which reflected his characters which often outsiders, misunderstood, and misperceived, and in many ways h e embodies his characters into his film. (Mark Salisbury 18) Besides, the movie of Sleepy Hollow directed by Tim Burton is an adaptation from the short story of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving (1817) written while he was living in Birmingham, England, and first published in 1820. It was based on the German folktale, the story is set in the Dutch culture of Post-Revolutionary War in New York State. The lines of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow are influences of late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth-century European heathenish movements. (Gale, 2006). This short story has been made into film for several times, such as The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949), and the following The Hollow (2004) and Headless Horseman (2007). The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is the closest American literature that has come to produce a classic ghost story.Therefore, based on the explanations above, the writer would like to analyze the gothic elements end-to-end the photographic filmtic asp ect of Tim Burtons films Edward Scissorhands and Sleepy Hollow.FIELD OF THE STUDYThe field of this study will be focused on literature, especially film.SCOPE OF THE STUDYThis enquiry is based on literature especially Film Studies. The writer chooses cinematic aspect to find out the gothic elements which occur in Tim Burtons movies Edward Scissorhands and Sleepy Hollow. puzzle FORMULATIONThis research questions can be formulated as followsWhat are the cinematic aspects found in the Edward Scissorhands and Sleepy Hollow movie?How do the gothic elements contribute to the success of the cinematic aspect?OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe objectives of this study can be stated as followsExplaining the cinematic aspects in the movies of Edward Scissorhands and Sleepy Hollow.Finding the gothic elements that contribute the success of the cinematic aspect.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThis study will encourage the students, especially in the literature aspect, to understand more about cinematic aspect a nd gothic literature.DEFINITION OF TERMSBelow are the terms that will be used by the writer to analyze about the cinematic aspect and the gothic elements in Tim Burtons movies Edward Scissorhands and Sleepy HollowCinematography Art and technology of motion-picture photography. It involves the composition of a scene, lighting of the set and actors, choice of tv cameras, camera angle, and desegregation of special effects to achieve the photography images desired by the director. (Merriam Webster)Gothic Fiction a genre of literature that combines both horror and romance or a scholarly article which states the earthly laws of conventional reality and the possibilities of the supernatural emphasizing the difference between horror and romance as genres which reflecting on the third estate ground that has been christened Gothic. (Jerrold Hogle)Horror a genre of literature that is identical with the darkness, and associated with fear, mystery, and supernatural to be able to scare its read ers.REVIEW OF LITERATUREIn this chapter, the writer would like to explain the theories in order to support her analysis. The first theory is about film studies.Film studies is an interdisciplinary program that focuses on the history, theory, and criticism of cinema and other moving image media. (Yale)There is another definition of film studies by Richard from The Oxford Guide to Film Studies (p.3) who stated that film studies is based upon the science and techniques of film, its physics and chemistry, the practices and possibilities of the camera and the other apparatuses of filmmaking.According to Boggs and Petrie The art of Watching Film (pp. 124) film studies has a cinematic aspect which will be used by the writer to help her analysis process.In Film studies there are two aspects, the literary aspect and the cinematic aspect. Because the writer would only use the cinematic aspect, so here is the explanation about the cinematic aspect of film.The Cinematic Aspects of FilmAccording to Susan Against Interpretation and Other Essays that like falsehood, the cinema presents us with a view of the achievement which is absolutely under the control of the director (writer) at every moment. Our attention cannot wander about the screen, as it does about the stage. When the camera moves we move, when it remains still we are still. In a similar way the novel presents a selection of the thoughts and descriptions which are relevant to the writers conception, and we must follow these serially, as the author leads us, they are not spread out, as a background, for us to contemplate in the order we choose, as in painting or the theater.Dudley on his book The Major of Film Theories An Introduction (7) has noted that every question about film falls under at least one of the following headings raw material, methods and techniques, forms and shapes, purpose or value. These categories, adapted from Aristotle, (Physics, section.3) divide the phenomenon of film into the aspects whi ch make it up and which can be interrogated.The raw material includes questions about the medium, such as those which seek its relation to reality, photography, and illusion, or those which follow out its use of time and space, or even those which aim at such processes as color, sound, and the make-up of the movie theater. Anything which is seen to exist as a given state of affairs with which the cinematic process begins belongs to the category of raw material.The methods and techniques of cinema comprises all questions about the creative process which shapes or treats the raw material, from discussions of scientific developments (like the zoom shot) to the psychology of the filmmaker or even the economics of film production.The forms and shapes of film is the category containing questions about the kinds of film which have been or could be made. Questions about cinemas ability to adapt other artworks lie here, as do questions about genre and audience expectation or effect. Here we are looking at films from the standpoint of a completed process in which the raw material has already been shaped by various creative methods.The purpose and value of cinema is the category which interfaces with the larger aspects of life, for here fall all questions which seek the goal of cinema in mans universe.In accordance to Boggs Petrie (112-124) identify the cinematic film likeCinematic point of viewFour points of view are employed in motion pictures, such as objective (camera as sideline observer), innate (camera as participant in the action), indirect-subjective and directors interpretive.Elements of cinematic compositionFocusing attention on the most significant object, such as, size and closeness of the object, sharpness of focus, movement, uttermost(prenominal) close-up, arrangement of people and objects, foreground framing, and lighting and color. (BoggsPetrie, p. 122)Techniques for specialized visual effectsCamera AnglesColor, Diffusion, and Soft FocusSpecial Lense sSlow causeFast MotionThe freeze frame, the Thawed Frame, and StillsSpecial Lighting EffectsGothic LiteratureThe second theory for the analysis is about the gothic literature. There are some aspects of Gothic literature more than terror. These are the elements of gothic based on the novel by Horace Walpole The Castle of Otranto (1764) and it contains essentially all the elements that constitute the genre and this novel by Walpole has influenced not only for the gothic novel, but also the film making up until nowMysteryA part of the storytelling that helps to create the Gothic atmosphere such as burial vaults, flickering candles, evil potion, etc. (buzzle)Environment and SettingA setting that used for the storytelling in Gothic novels to shows the horror image like the stormy weather, dark place (forest, big castle). (buzzle)NightmareThe fear experienced by the characters in the novel. (buzzle)Omens and CursesAn ancient curse to make the character becomes more miserable. (buzzle)Dec line and DecayA process when the character reflected their behavior or their characters. (buzzle)Supernatural EventsTo make the story more dramatic. (buzzle)Damsel in tribulationThe character is usually suffering and loneliness. (buzzle)VillainsThis character is usually cunning and shifty in their behavior. (buzzle)ProtagonistsThe gothic heroes, usually they are burdened by the sorrow. (buzzle)Romance commonly the romance part will have the tragedy and sorrow line. (buzzle)METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSISJ.1 . Method of Data CollectionThe writer would use the Library research books and internet.J.2. Data AnalysisWatching the movie, then searching the cinematic aspects of the film, and also searching the gothic elements from the films using the cinematic aspect.J.3. Time enumerationMonthWeek123412341234123412341234JulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember rescript RM 1 and make a proposalRevision for proposalExamination of Thesis Proposal

Dominos Pizza Is A Food Industry Commerce Essay

Dominos Pizza Is A Food Industry Commerce EssayDominos Pizza is a food industry and this is a universalpizza supply plaque. Its headquartered in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. This organization Established in 10 June 1960, in Ypsilanti, Michigan by the 2 br anformer(a)(prenominal)s Tom Monaghanand J. Patrick Doyle. It is the second-largest pizza manacle in the United States after the pizza hut. It has more than 9,700 community and authorized hive awaysin 70 countries and e actually 50 U.S. states. there is near to 145,000 turners figureing in this pizzas stores all over world. The menu pillowcases equally veggie and meat pizzas, chicken wings and b 1 slight chicken, snacks, pasta, stuffed cheesy breads and a hustle of dessert stuffs, containing cinnamon sticks and brown lava cubes and a range of soft juices, including Coca-Cola, Fanta, Sprite. (en.wikipedia.org, 2012)I am making this assessment on Onehunga (nz) Dominos. 1-14 waipaulane, Onehunga.New ZealandPhone02106016 27EXECUTIVE analysisORGANISATION STRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATION CHANNELS.In this dominos pizza organization they take hold flat organization organize. There atomic number 18 14 figure outers working under(a) the store theatre director. Store manager handle the all stave. The massage goes throw the hierarchy system pass off to bottom and bottom to top level. In this draw I am writing virtually the organization structure and its colloquy channels how they communicate with each other. Lines of parley atomic number 18 very formal in this organization its top to bottom and bottom to top in the organization. treat TEAMS AND GROUP DYNAMICS.In this dominos pizza organization they have very strong work team and their group dynamics be very nice. All the staffs do work as a family and try to give their best motion for the keep comp whatever by their communication skills. In this dominos they have hierarchy type of structure in their organization. In this report I am going to wr ite roughly the work team of the organization and group dynamics. Their team is formed in hierarchy structure care their head office thus all franchise then each franchise had one store manager then two manager then crew staff in crew staff they have drivers, guest usefulnesss representative, pizza cutter and pizza make. licence led by head office and store manager and manager are led and managed by franchise and sleep of staff are lead and managed by managers.STAKEHOLDER COMMUNICATION.In this company their communication with their s turn backholder is awesome. Because they do non have any barrier between their communication. They talk to their s lockholders directly. In this report I go out describe how they communicate with their stakeholders and which communication channel they use. The stake holders of the company are Bidvest who volunteer them all pizza food stuff, pre-produce who deliver them all vegetable products, steam-line who provide them all type of papers li ke epitome drum roll paper.ORGANISATION CULTURE, INTERCULTURE COMMUNICATION, ETHICAL AND efficacious ISSUES.In new Zealand there is unalike is different heathenish people living. In a multicultural country like New Zealand which is home for many another(prenominal) different cultures communication have been a challenge for organisations. In this organization there are in like manner many types of someone work who belongs to the different cultures. In this report I will describe how they impact on the industry. The store has overhaul and well-communicated goals, their vision number one in pizza number one in people and com tutelageing is sell more pizza, have more fun. All team members take their responsibilities to achieve their guardianship and vision.COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS.In this company they have a fabulous communication technologies and tools. Which help them to improve the communication skills and trained their staff as well. On other hand they up to da te their staff by these technologies. In this report I will explain how the technologies help them to improve their business and trained their staff. The technologies they are using in their business, computer and internet used in store, they have their own boni demonstrate and printing and s under spatial relationners, all technologies are up to date, they received online straddle and also now people freighter use android application on phone to put the orders.FINDINGS.I got the all info about this organization from the manager of the company. This is my primary source of instruction no secondary source of development in these findings.ORGANISATION STRUCTURE COMMUNICATION CHANNELS.The manager told me that they have top to bottom structure in this company. And message goes throw the top to bottom and bottom to top step by step. The lines of reporting are quite sequential forward in this organization.FigureMESSAGEMESSAGETOP LEVELMESSAGEMIDDLE LEVELMESSAGEBOTTOM LEVELHe told m e that in the organization all staff members understand the importance of their communication roles. He told me that at the top level they have their head office they channelise them all the new policies of dominos and then franchise review the polices and discus with manager then he explain and discuss information with his bottom level staff. So it goes step by step at different level. They have very effective and beneficial opportunities for top- down and down-up communication, like their head office call them for picky pizza classes and their crew staff give the suggestion how they after part do more cleaning and manage the store. They do face to face communication telecommunicates and send text massage to inform their staff. He told me that there is grapevine going in their store alone it is positive they discuss how they can increase the sales and how they can more effectively manage the store.WORK TEAMS AND GROUP DYNAMICS.He told me that in this company they have very ni ce formed team, who do work together as family. He gave me the information about their team structure that our team is formed in hierarchy structure like our head office, then all franchise then each franchise had one store manager then two manager then crew staff in crew staff we have drivers, customer services representative , pizza cutter and pizza maker. Franchise led by head office and store manager and manager are led and managed by franchise and rest of staff are lead and managed by managers. He told me that they all do work as strong team to ensure productive team performance. They do work as a team so they can get their mission and vision to sale maximum pizzas in the world. When I asked the manager about the initiates all allocates project to staff then manager told me that he initiates all allocates task to staff like who will make the pizza, who will be cutter, staff members are maintain their task which is assigned by managers. Team output is calculated at the end of shift like we make our customer happy with our service we provide pizza on time etc. when I asked him about the how team work well in the pattern? Are positive team dynamics evident? Then he told me that we have trained staff so we will do effective efficient and well work in real course session. So they can provide a well-grounded service to the customer. I asked him if team does the candid work or give the good performance for the company is he or she rewarded then he gave the answer Yes, we take month of the employee and give him/her 20 dollar voucher as e rewarded. So they can motivate for the company and can do better succeeding(a)(a) time for the company.STAKEHOLDER COMMUNICATION.Manager gave me the information about the stakeholder communication that they communicate with the stakeholder very easily. He told me that they communicate with suppliers who supply them pizzas stuff and other things via emails and via phone calls. They order them email then they do not need p ressing things but when they need some stuff urgently then they communicate with them on phones so they can provide the things as soon as possible. When I asked them who are the stakeholders of your company then he told me that customer, suppliers, employees etc. are the stakeholder of their company. Then I asked him that who is the suppliers of your company? Who provide you food stuff? Then he gave me the answer that Bidvest who provide us all pizza food stuff, Pre-produce who provide us all vegetable products, Steam-line who provide us all type of papers like epitomes rolling paper. These are the supplier of the dominos pizza. After that I asked them that how effective is this communication in practice? How do people outside the organisation perceive it? Then gave the answer that Emails or internet communication is very effective communication in practice because in single second they received our request and also give us response. People outside the organisation perceive positive communication.ORGNISATION CULTURE, INTERCULTURAL CMMUNICATION, ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES.Manager told me that organization culture employee obligations are very clear in the organization. Thepurposeof anorganizationis to achieve the goals and objectives as indicated within theorganizationsvision statement. To provide the good customer service is our main purpose and to win hearts by serving delicious Pizzas. When I asked him that does the organization have clear and well-communicated goals? Then he give tongue to to me that Yes our store has clear and well-communicated goals. All staff members are trained and they know that how to deal with customers and how to handle the any situation because they all are go through persons. After that I asked him that what is the vision and mission of your organization. Then he gave me the answer that our vision is that our pizza will number one in people and our mission is sell more and more pizzas how many we can sell and have more fun during the work with each other mean enjoy the work so they can do their work good and easily.He told me that all members of the organization take their responsibilities to achieve our mission and vision. The managers of the organization are well measure up and trained and experienced real leader, they understand leadership and knows what leadership is. He gave me the information about the rules and regulations which are govern this organizations business activities. He said to me that different laws and regulations are governed in dominos pizza. I asked him about the How are issues of privacy, defamation and copyright handled? And he gave me the answer that we do not share personal information of our staff with other organisation and told me that all our staff is well aware of legal responsibilities. They all know about the rules and regulations which are governed in this organization.COMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES TOOLS.I earn the information from the interview that in this organization t hey use the technology and tool for the good communication. Computer and internet used in store, they have their own server and printing and scanner, all technology are up to date, they received online order and also told me that now people can use android application on phone to put the orders. They also use the technologies in staff schooling they have online training target where their head office put all the training stuff and they do it online and put it in real practice. Staffs are already trained in communication and other key procedures. All staff has clear guideline for internal and external communication, they put information on their web site and send the email to their staff and in the store they put information on the notice board so the staff can know about their guideline for the both type of factors. I asked him how the organization manages its own information base its core data. Is it secure? Then he gave me the answer that we managed our data in our computer dat abase which is very secure because our information technology department take care of it.Conclusions.In this report in the conclusion I am using primary and secondary both resources.ORGANISATION STRUCTURE COMMUNICATION CHANNELS.In this organization they are using the flat organization structure, which is showing down-FigureOrganization chart is like this in this organization.HEAD OFFICEFranchiseFranchiseFranchiseSTORE MANAGERSTORE MANAGERSTORE MANAGERMANAGERMANAGERMANAGERMANAGERMANAGERMANAGER mental facultyCREW STAFFSTAFFCREW STAFFSTAFFCREW STAFFIn this organization they have a flat organization structure. tally to the manager they communicate with each other top to bottom and bottom to top. This structure is very good structure for a small business. The advantages of this structure are like that first of all this is very cheap for the company because in this structure they have not more managers thats why they have to pay less to the managers because they have not many managers. It makes less intensities of organisation.For example-LOWER LEVELMIDDEL LEVELTOP LEVELFigureIn this organization they can do work and take resolutions of any difficulty easily and rapidly because there is less stages of supervisions. Thirdly wild and strong communiqu is probable amongst these rare stages of controlling. This structure has many disadvantages as well. the likes of in this structure there is less manager but has lots of staff thats why manager can lose monitoring over the staff. secondly the self-restraint in the group may be corrupt due to miss resistor. Thirdly the relationships amongst the bosses and assistants may be ruthless. Local and familiar relationships may not be conceivable. (Akrani, 2011). In this organization they have good staff so they have not any this type of puzzle with the staff. So this structure is good for this company.WORK TEAMS GROUP DYNAMICS.Communication is the silver lining of team formation and conflict management in any organisation. E ffective team work is demand for the achievement of the organisations goals and objectives. If there will be effective communication amongst the team members there will be honesty, integrity and openness which increases the competency of the team members. The return is that their productivity increases which in turn increases the productivity of the organisation. Effective communication plays an authorised role in a team formation. If there is effective communication in the team the members co-operate, collaborate, cohesive and are committed to the team. Thus, developing and promoting team communication is important in the company. The management should develop strategies aimed at building team communication which ultimately will increase the productivity of the organisation.Team conflict is team members awareness of discrepancies, incompatible wishes which they perceive are irreconcilable (Bowditch, 2008).In this company they are following the hierarchical communication structur e. It has many advantages like all the staff know that to whom they have to report about his or her work. Thats why there is no line create in the communication between the staff because all know about their own work. Bigger groups must achieve a diversity of responsibilities, make from social incomes and office to promotion and buying. The ordered organization splits these split of anxiety into several division conformations that concentrate. Concentration tolerates administrations to focus on certain ability collections and capitals to take extreme productivity. On the other hand it has lots of disadvantages like ordered organizations have a habit of familiarize gradually to altering wishes. Administrative groups, for sample, on a regular basis arise below passion for keeping films of bureaucracy that prevent variation.Groups that cannot adjust to new marketplace anxieties or progressing machineries in stride with or onward of other groups frequently finish up relegated. This problematic interrupts sufficient societies that a whole pitch of education, named modification administration, has settled. The other disadvantage is that the achievement of an association often rest on the superiority of interior message within it. As categorized structural have a habit of network announcement straight up, interdepartmental or inter-agency announcement hurts. Departmental speciality can top to communiqu obstacles when no common mumbo jumbo happens that tolerates followers of altered sections to connect on the similar side by side. In worst-case situations, branches resolutely refuse info from every one. (www.ehow.com, 2012). In this organization these kinds of problems can be created in the communication. This structure is a good structure but as well as bruising structure for the company.STAKEHOLDER COMMUNICATION.It is rightly said that it takes years to build a good reputation and seconds to ruin it (Suzanne McDonald). In this organization they are using the em ails and phone calls to communicate with the stakeholders like with the supplier they send them the order list via emails some time they call them in the urgent order and with the customer they attend the call of their customer and take the order what they inadequacy to eat and get the online orders from their customer as well. This is the technologies which they are using in their business this is good but it has some disadvantages as well.For example advantages are emails are very low-priced and wild way for the organization for send the orders to the suppliers but disadvantage is some time the suppliers got too many emails from the different-different clients thats why they can-not read the emails on time, if you need the order quickly it got delay so which can harmful for the business (www.time-management-success.com, 2012). But they have very good communication with their customer and suppliers. They ask feedback to customers about their services and the quality of pizzas beca use if there have any problem or complaint, so they can deal with it and solve it as soon as possible. They also give to customers a large variety of different pizzas harmonise to their needs and home delivery. They greet the customer with smile. They provide them good service, good quality pizzas. Different parts of stores are located in different parts of the city there is only one owner, but each part of the store is being assigned a manager.To communicate with them they use different type of method like verbal method as there is a meeting in each weekend in which all the employees (part time or full time) are participated and all the managers get together and discuss about the several(a) promotions so that they can satisfy the need of the customers. Feedback is one of the most important part which they use to communicate with the customers if they have any opinion about anything they use a blog so that they can tell them about the various things and on the same blog they can u se it as to promote different types of pizzas. They communicate with each other via texting and via call during their work. They can talk with the customer so they can get the ideas of the customer so they can increase sales of their store.ORGANISATION CULTURE, INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION, ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES.Jawaharlal Nehru on one of his visits to America said If we seek to understand a person, we have to try to put ourselves, as far as we can, in that particular historical and cultural background.It is not promiscuous for a person of one country to enter into the background of another country (Adler, 2008). All business processes involves communication at all levels of the organisation. In a multicultural country like New Zealand which is home for many different cultures communication have been a challenge for organisations. In this organization there is many workers are working right now from different cultures which include Maoris, Asians, Middle Eastern, South Africans, Kiwis and many more ethnic communities.All of them share different cultural values and beliefs. For this the managers have to first know what they dont know and attempt to understand their employees from different cultures. There have been many instances in the company when most of the employees face language barriers. This is so because of the difference in the English language accent of the employees and the clients. So it creates the problems in the organization but they give the training to the staff so they have not any communication problem with the staff, with the customer and with the suppliers. They all have their clear and well-communicated goals, they have the vision that they want to become number one pizza in the world and around the people. They have the mission to sell maximum pizza how much they can. In the end of this part I want to say that there are many berries in the communication but they have well educated staff and well educated leaders who knows about the le adership they can handle the situation easily. They do work together as family so they help each other if they have any problem with the communication.COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS.All occupation and its several constituents include knowledge and appreciative in edict to whole its duties on an everyday source (Cohn, 2000). Communication technologies and tools are that which technologies use in the organization to improve the business and to communicate with the employees, customers, suppliers etc. They are using the technologies computers, internet, phones etc. Computer and internet used in store, they have their own server and printing and scanner, all technology are up to date, they received online order and also now people are using android application on phone to put the orders. They are using the technology to giving the training to the staff for example they have their own web site where the candidate can get the training their head office put the stuff on the site for up to date to the candidate so they can be up to date.They give the orders to their suppliers via emails and via phone these technologies they are using in the company. These technologies helping them to improve their business and to achieve their mission and vision too. If they have any information which is very necessary to know for the staff then vie emails they send them that information. In this organization they are mostly use internet which is very cheap way for contact with anybody and some time they use phones in emergencies.RECOMMENDATIONS.ORGANISATION STRUCTURE COMMUNICATION CHANNELS.Based from observation and secondary interview, lack of place lacuna will result to less customers and limited time for them to stay at the store to eat. More parking is recommended to make their customer stay big and learn more about how the organization works and communicate. Interaction with the staff will encourage them to go back on a regular customer.WORK TEAMS GROUP DYNAMICS.I obs erved that the company is using a formal way of communication, this is effective in their daily operation, let there must be an outlet for them outside work to relax such as having picnic, coffee, company outing etc. This will enhance them from stress and work related problems. This also promotes teamwork and group dynamics.STAKEHOLDER COMMUNICATION.The management should be more open with the customer feedback and competitions strategy. Talking with them openly will make them gather data that can help them for improvement. Whether a goods, product services or facility reconstruction. Communication will be the key for them to succeed in their operations.ORGANISATION CULTURE, INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION, ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES.Less space at dining area will minimise their stay and wont attract family members. Adding and arranging the set up will promote healthy milieu open to any age group. Having family members in the store will give them time to share their culture. Employees wil l likewise improve their customer service. Manager can monitor their ethical conduct by observing how the staff in tract with the customers..COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AND TOOLS.They should have weekly meeting about the improvement for the store. This will let them share their ideas and information to the employees. Use of memo through online will also be an option for the management.VALUE TO ORGANIZATION.The findings about the organization structure communication channels, teamwork and group dynamics, stakeholder communication, organization culture and technologies and tools will help the company identity what improvements they need to do this research will give the management an idea and relevant information about where they stand and have a focus on how to improve their communication skills, get themselves updated on what is going on to the market and by doing these changes that the researcher (ME) recommended, more customer will be attract to go the store, resulting to great pr ofit for the company.

Voyage and Psychological Development in Homers Odyssey Essay example -

The Voyage and Psychological Development in Homers Odyssey Homers Odyssey arguably stands out head and shoulders above any other piece of heroic poem literature produced by Western civilization for nearly three millennia. approximately remarkable is the extent to which the Western hero ideal is to this day still a result of the molding that occurred upon the character of Odysseus so long ago. In imagining a police lineup of the most profoundly influencing protagonists of Western epic poetry, surely Odysseus would incite in stature and roguish airs far beyond the others for is non the gray-eyed Athena, daughter of rain-bringing Zeus himself, bound in devotion to this mortal hero? It is she who repeatedly enhances Odysseus appearance so as to impress upon others his god-like qualities And Athene, she who was born from Zeus, made him large to look at and stouter, and on his headMade his hair flow in curls, like the hyacinth flower . . . So she poured grace upon his head and shoul ders. (6.229-35) In anointing Odysseus in similar fashion throughout the tale of his arduous move around homeward, the ancient as well as modern reader cannot protagonist but look to Odysseus as a role stumper. Implicit in this behavioural model is one of Homers many subtexts, namely that having one or much of the gods on ones side is not enough to guarantee even a uncomplete success in ones endeavors. The god Poseidon stands in direct opposition to Odysseus name and address of reaching Ithaca, yet his attacks upon the hero always fall just short of real killing him. Instead, with each calamity that befalls Odysseus at Poseidons hand, the hero is faced with a parallel inward struggle. Surviving the physical realm at first seems to be the test when actually it ... ...side of the woman (the animus) and the passive, feminine side of the man (the anima). Although the devil figures are always tempting the ego to identify itself with them, a real discretion even on the personal level is possible only if the realisation is refused. (Jung 16 469) Perhaps The Odyssey, when seen from the perspective of Jungian and post-Jungian psychology, offers the reader a rich model for their own psychological development and an opportunity to re-examine the hero archetype in Western civilization. Works Cited Cirlot, J.E., A Dictionary of Symbols. New York Barnes & Noble, 1971.Hillman, James. Anima An Anatomy of a Personified Notion. Dallas Spring Publications, 1985.Homer. The Odyssey. Trans., Ed. Albert Cook. New York W.W. Norton, 1993.Jung, C.G. Collected Works. 20 vols. Trans. R.F.C. Hull. Princeton Princeton U P, 1954. Voyage and Psychological Development in Homers Odyssey Essay example -The Voyage and Psychological Development in Homers Odyssey Homers Odyssey arguably stands out head and shoulders above any other piece of epic literature produced by Western civilization for nearly three millennia. Most remarkable is the extent to which the Western h ero archetype is to this day still a result of the molding that occurred upon the character of Odysseus so long ago. In imagining a police lineup of the most profoundly influencing protagonists of Western epic poetry, surely Odysseus would impress in stature and roguish airs far beyond the others for is not the gray-eyed Athena, daughter of rain-bringing Zeus himself, bound in devotion to this mortal hero? It is she who repeatedly enhances Odysseus appearance so as to impress upon others his god-like qualities And Athene, she who was born from Zeus, made himBigger to look at and stouter, and on his headMade his hair flow in curls, like the hyacinth flower . . . So she poured grace upon his head and shoulders. (6.229-35) In anointing Odysseus in similar fashion throughout the tale of his arduous journey homeward, the ancient as well as modern reader cannot help but look to Odysseus as a role model. Implicit in this behavioral model is one of Homers many subtexts, namely that having o ne or more of the gods on ones side is not enough to guarantee even a partial success in ones endeavors. The god Poseidon stands in direct opposition to Odysseus goal of reaching Ithaca, yet his attacks upon the hero always fall just short of actually killing him. Instead, with each calamity that befalls Odysseus at Poseidons hand, the hero is faced with a parallel inward struggle. Surviving the physical realm at first seems to be the test when actually it ... ...side of the woman (the animus) and the passive, feminine side of the man (the anima). Although the two figures are always tempting the ego to identify itself with them, a real understanding even on the personal level is possible only if the identification is refused. (Jung 16 469) Perhaps The Odyssey, when seen from the perspective of Jungian and post-Jungian psychology, offers the reader a rich model for their own psychological development and an opportunity to re-examine the hero archetype in Western civilization. Works Cited Cirlot, J.E., A Dictionary of Symbols. New York Barnes & Noble, 1971.Hillman, James. Anima An Anatomy of a Personified Notion. Dallas Spring Publications, 1985.Homer. The Odyssey. Trans., Ed. Albert Cook. New York W.W. Norton, 1993.Jung, C.G. Collected Works. 20 vols. Trans. R.F.C. Hull. Princeton Princeton U P, 1954.

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Technology and bulk Technology has created a world of its own covering all the oldish traditions and machines. This technology has made remarkable changes in the valet life by making it more and more comfortable and in other words paralyzing the human body except brain. All over the world, computers and computerized machines are performing the tasks and human are only their users or programmers. Tradeoff is a somehow a bound used normally at business level. Its original meaning can be exchange, substitute or transaction. It means that tradeoffs befool made many differences in many fields. Now, the manual labor has been exchanged by the computerized systems. And the locomotion was done on or through animals in the past fashionably designed cars carry substituted them. Aero planes, helicopters and large ships now substitute big animals like camels that were used to travel between different countries. So, tradeoff is basically used for substitution of anything, in other words, t he substitution of manual work into technological work. Here we will discuss the two major technologies that sustain changed a lot of things and the way of living. Computers (Positive consequences) Computers and computerized technology have brought a revolution in the world. It has made our world a global village by interconnecting all of us together through Internet. There seems to be no difference between America and Asia or Europe and Africa now. Since 1980, a huge variation is seen in the different fields of life. These changes can be set from daily life activities to big projects. Of course, these new developments have also opened many new ways for people to get into work. For example, we have now washables systems, home delivery systems, letter writi... ...ch use of labors is left. The work that has been done by 10 workers before can only be handled by a iodin machine and with perfection. Day by day, new advancements are made thus by making the use of a man more and more less. People can get everything now by Internet or just by making phone call. A truck can take a large amount of material at a time and it can be loaded and unloaded by using lifting machines. Similarly, the planes have made the merchant marine fast and flawless and the use of labor is also decreased there. Conclusion In end, I would like to say that To gain something is to lose something, we now have advance life level with lots of comforts but we also have serious health problems that running side by side. But its in our hands and we can stop the negative affects if there are given serious thoughts as most important are the humans not machines.